Spain’s population, now 47.9 million, has been growing at about .025% annually, the growth entirely due to immigration. The fertility rate declined below replacement in 1985 and is now at about 1.2, with the current rate for Spanish born women at about 1.0. The entire population will very slowly decline from now on.
At the end of the 20th Century, about 2% of the population was foreign born. This surged past 10% in the 2000s due to economic growth – GPD growth averaged 3.3% between 2000 and 2007.
Estimates of the size of the foreign-born population today center around 15%, or about 7 million. That is made up by about Latin Americans, about 2.5 million and rising, approaching 40% of all foreign-born. One million of the seven million residents of the Comunidad de Madrid were born in Latin America.
Other major immigrant groups: Moroccans 12%; Romanians 9%. There are many British and other Northern Europeans with retirement homes. The expatriate numbers around 300,000 (British only) formally registered but several times that number may be living in Spain informally.